Annual evaluations are often subjective, which opens the door to gender bias. These biases can lead to double standards —­­ a similar situation gets a positive or a negative spin depending on gender. For example, one review described a woman as seeming “to shrink when she’s around others and especially around clients.” But a similar problem —­­ confidence in working with clients —­­ was given a positive spin when it was a man who was struggling with it: “Jim needs to develop his natural ability to work with people.” A content analysis of individual annual performance reviews shows that women were 1 ...

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